Recently, renewable power plants utilize clean and sustainable resources for electricity generation. The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system uses ocean surface water as a high-temperature source and the water at a depth of the ocean as a low-temperature source. The difference between these temperatures is 20, C or greater, and the working fluid with a low boiling point can be used for electricity generation. In a closed-cycle OTEC system, the working fluid through a thermodynamic cycle based on the Rankine cycle can rotate the turbine and generate electricity. Due to the ocean surface temperature variation, the output power of the OTEC system changes and yields numerous states concerning the generated power of this plant. Thus, for integrating the OTEC systems with the power system, many aspects of power system including reliability may be affected and thus, new approaches must be developed for investigation of these effects. In this paper, the reliability of the power system containing the OTEC system based on the multi-state reliability model and the conditional value at risk concept is evaluated and the valuable indices used for generation expansion planning of the power system are calculated.

Nowadays, in consideration of environmental issues and limitation of fossil fuels, there is a particular consideration of renewable energy including ocean energy, that can extracted going through various methods such as Wave energy, Tidal energy, Salinity Gradient, OTEC: ocean thermal energy conversion. Herein this research, operation of OTEC Method in Southern Caspian Sea has been discussed. For this purpose Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Data and Thermocline diagram with respect to25 stations from east to west coastal area, measured in 1995 in various seasons, have been used. Considering the researches conducted, in order to use OTEC, there must be a difference in temperature between the surface and depth for at least20 Degrees Centigrade. If such difference in temperature occurs in less depth, closer to the coast, such energy extraction will be more cost-effective. According to investigations conducted, there is a difference in temperature for about20 Degrees Centigrade in the depth of about 200m in the Caspian Sea during hot seasons of the year. In summer and early autumn when Thermocline achieves its complete growth, energy extraction from OTEC has a desirable yield. During winter and spring when there is decay in Thermocline, the yield is so low that using this method is not justifiable. Thus, this method can only be used in hot seasons of the year. Finally, hydrographic and temperature investigations have revealed that southeastern coasts especially those of Bandar Neka and Babolsar achieve the desirable difference in temperature, closer to the coast due to high SST and coastal slope, compared to other areas and eventually, using OTECT is cost-effective.

This study compares the performance of seven working fluids in hybrid ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems integrated with solar and wind energy. Plan B integrates thermoelectric technology with a wind turbine, and Plan C relies solely on a standalone wind turbine. Machine learning techniques were applied for performance prediction and multi-objective optimization. The results show that R227ea working fluid achieves the highest power output and exergy efficiency—433.5 kW and 8.6 % in Plan B, and 380.6 kW and 7.44 % in Plan C, respectively. Conversely, R125 working fluid exhibits the lowest performance, with an output power of 297.7 kW and an efficiency of 5.82% in Plan B, and 188.3 kW and an efficiency of 3.68% in Plan C. Also, Plan B outperforms Plan C in all performance metrics such as efficiency, power output, and cost-effectiveness, due to the type of hybrid configuration. Overall, the results show that optimal fluid selection R227ea and hybrid system design Plan B significantly improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness, offering a practical pathway for sustainable energy systems.

The geographical location of Mauritius near the warm tropical waters of the Indian ocean coupled to the vast exclusiveeconomic zone approximating 2. 3 million square kilometers, encourage the promotion of ocean thermal energy conversion(OTEC) systems. Technological advancements have enabled offshore structures to pump the cold water lying at 1000 m depthin the seawater column to the surface, and through the temperature difference set up with the warm surface layer, drives aturbine and generates electricity. In this study, a model has been developed to compute the temperature difference betweenthe deep (1000 m) and surface (20 m) seawater layers around Mauritius. An algorithm has been implemented to determinethe net power generated from a proposed OTEC power plant, acquired through the processing of sea surface temperaturesatellite images, at a resolution of 1 km. The spatial and temporal variations of the net power generated has been observedby splitting the annual data into four monsoonal time frames. Results show that the south-western region of Mauritius possesseshigh OTEC resources, with annual mean daily net power generation capacity of about 95 MW, representing about20% of the peak power demand of the island. Moreover, the bathymetry of the southern region is propitious due to deepcold water availability at a proximity of less than 5km from the coastline. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the OTECsystem are found to be 1. 9 and 22. 8%, respectively. A cost– benefit analysis indicates that profits of the order of 4. 5 timesthe initial investment can be generated.

The underwater Gliders are a kind of autonomous vehicles that have a special role in ocean surveys which demand continuous monitoring and long endurance. Because of low energy consumption and long endurance, these vehicles are favorite for these missions. Among this, a type of gliders can harvest ocean thermal energy, causing significant endurance increase. These vehicles need at least 680 meters sea depth to operate their propulsion system. In this paper, by analyzing a propulsion system of a typical glider, heat transfer and its operation depth is assessed. For decreased operational depth, an approach is presented for possibility of using this technology in shallower seas, which provides the utilization of this type of gliders at wider range of the Gulf of Oman.

Tropical cyclones develop over the north and south part of Indian ocean because of the geographical and weather conditions. It causes irreparable damage to human life and economy on coastal areas. This study investigates the energy of ocean surface waves generated by the surface wind field of tropical cyclones in the Indian ocean using satellite altimeter measurements and the semi-empirical Kudryavtsev model by considering “ trapped fetch” . The translational velocity and information of tropical cyclones were obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track data and Jason 1 and Jason 2 satellites data set for 18 tropical cyclones between 2003 and2013. The results of this study indicate that the semi-empirical model suggested by Kudryavtsev in 2015 can be used to investigate and simulate unusual waves generated by tropical cyclones in the Indian ocean.